Created as a martial art in the 12th century, Taijiquan (Tai Ji/Tai Chi) is based on the concept of yin and yang as observed in the natural world. Mastering this martial art involves slow movements with gentle turns and twists of the torso, combined with relaxed breathing. This combination works to improving the primary functions of the bodies internal organ system which results in improved blood production, circulation, and bone marrow density. This in turn may prevent disease and minimise existing health complications. Taijiquan (Tai Ji/Tai Chi) has therefore been subjected to much medical research in both China and in the West.
Studies have also been done on the benefits of practising Taijiquan (Taiji/Tai Chi) for those suffering with arthritis and diabetes. While not a cure for everything, it has generated considerable interest for it’s health benefits. People who practice it enjoy a significant improvement in their sense of well being and quality of life: calmer and more relaxed.
Zhao Bao Taijiquan 趙堡太極拳 originates from the town of Zhao Bao in Henan province, China. It is one of the oldest styles of traditional taiji but it is almost unknown here in the West. Training is centred around the practice of Tao Lu, commonly referred to as ‘The Form’, which is mastered initially at a slow pace. Zhao Bao Taijiquan is known for its effective close combat fighting ability, using short fajins.
As a student's Tao Lu develops, the training begins to include the use of Fa Jin (explosive power); Push-hands exercises (with a partner) and study of how the Tao Lu translates into combat.
More background on Zhao Bao Taiji can be found on the Masters of IMA article of Zhao Bao Tai Ji Quan of Hou Chunxiu and on Wikipedia.
Chen-style Taijiquan 陳式 太極拳 is another of the oldest styles of traditional taiji found in Chen Village, Henan province. This style is one of the best known in the West, and it is especially known for it's long fajin and low stances.
As with all styles of Tai Chi, there are many variations and lineages.
... "Chen-style is characterised by silk reeling, alternating fast and slow motions and bursts of power" ...
As a student’s Tao Lu develops, the training begins to include the use of Fa Jin (explosive power); Push-hands exercises (with a partner) and study of how the Tao Lu translates into combat.
More background on Chen Taiji on Wikipedia.